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Copyright ? 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ""Molecular imaging has generated a demand for more sensitive contrast agents for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. We synthesized, by a novel one-step method, Gd3+ incorporated mesoporous SiO2 nanoparticles, Gd2O3@SiO2, for use as an efficient contrast agent. The prepared nanoparticles were also coated with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). The size, morphology, composition and Brunauer�CEmmett�CTeller specific surface area of the nanoparticles were evaluated. The Gd2O3@SiO2 nanoparticles possess intragranular network morphology with a uniform size distribution and an average size of approximately 20�C40?nm. The PLGA-coated nanoparticles were spherical or near-spherical [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossariinae Fossariinae] in shape with a diameter of approximately 120?nm, a smooth surface, and neither aggregation nor adhesion tendencies. No free Gd ions were detected to dissociate from Gd2O3@SiO2 even up to the limit ([http://www.selleckchem.com/screening/pi3k-signaling-inhibitor-library.html PI3K Inhibitor Library cost] functional theory (using DMol3, Materials Studio) revealed that the Gd2O3 molecules are fully absorbed on the interface of mesoporous SiO2 with a stable state of lower energy. Both Gd2O3@SiO2 and PLGA-coated Gd2O3@SiO2 samples have a larger T1 relaxivitiy than commercial gadolinium diethylene triaminepentaacetate (Gd-DTPA). In vitro and in vivo MR images using the Gd2O3@SiO2 nanoparticles were observed with a 1.5 T clinical MR scanner and compared with the images using Gd-DTPA. The Gd2O3@SiO2 nanoparticles display a better magnetic property than commercial Gd-DTPA. In vivo MR imaging demonstrated that the nanoparticles were mainly distributed in the liver. Strong enhancement was also detected in nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2 xenografted tumors. The Gd2O3@SiO2 nanoparticles are not only potential candidates for highly efficient contrast agents for MR imaging, but also might be developed into potent targeted probes for in vivo molecular imaging of cancer. Copyright ? 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ""The first clinical computed tomography (CT) scan was performed in October 1971 at Atkinson Morley's Hospital, in London, UK, using a prototype scanner, developed [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Sunitinib-Malate-(Sutent).html find more] by Godfrey Hounsfield and his team at EMI Central Research Laboratories in Hayes, West London, to assess a suspected frontal lobe tumor [1]. That scanner produced an image with an 80?��?80 matrix after 5?min, which then required ~5?min more to process and reconstruct into an image. Today CT scanners produce images with a 1024?��?1024 matrix in