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0��2.3 years) without HSP served as controls. The clinical scores of the patients during the acute phase of HSP are shown in Table 2. A total of 132 patients (71.4%) had GI symptoms at disease onset, and renal manifestations were observed in 20 patients (10.8%) at the time of HSP diagnosis. Thirteen patients (7.0%) did not have skin lesions as an initial manifestation of the disease. Table 2 Clinical Scores of the Patients in Acute Phase of Henoch-Sch?nlein Purpura During the acute phase, 123 patients were initially treated with corticosteroids. HSP symptoms resolved spontaneously without any intervention in the other 62 patients. Among the 123 corticosteroid-treated patients, 29 required additional intravenous immunoglobulin administration for intractable HSP. Three [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/PD-0325901.html MEK inhibitor] of them who were refractory to immunoglobulin were additionally managed with high-dose methylprednisolone pulse therapy, and 2 who did not respond to methylprednisolone pulse therapy were ultimately treated with plasmapheresis. No patients underwent surgery for GI tract complications. Laboratory parameters of HSP The laboratory parameters of the patients in the acute and convalescent phases of HSP are presented in Table 3. Table 3 Laboratory Markers of the Patients during the Acute and Convalescent Phases of Henoch-Sch?nlein Purpura The WBC count, ANC, ESR, and CRP levels differed significantly between the acute and convalescent phases of the disease. However, there were no significant differences with respect to the hemoglobin level, platelet count, PT, or aPTT between phases. Moreover, the mean platelet level, PT, and aPTT were within [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRB10 GRB10] normal ranges, even during the acute phase. The fibrinogen, D-dimer, and FDP levels were significantly higher during the acute phase than during the convalescent phase. These markers were also significantly higher during the acute phase of the disease than the values in the control group (p (Fig. 1). Fig. 1 Comparison of the levels of (A) fibrinogen, (B) D-dimer and (C) fibrin degradation products (FDPs) among the patients of acute phase, convalescent phase, and healthy controls. The fibrinogen, D-dimer, and FDP levels during the acute phase of the patients ... Relationships between total clinical score and laboratory parameters during the acute phase of HSP The total clinical scores were significantly correlated with the skin score [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/epz-6438.html EPZ-6438] (r=0.646, p