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The N170 was measured at the P7 and P8 electrode sites and a 2(affective congruency: congruent, incongruent) �� 2(target valence: angry, happy) �� 2(electrode location: P7, P8) repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted for N170. Regarding N400 and LPP, the ANOVAs were conducted by selecting [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/blz945.html www.selleckchem.com/products/blz945.html] 24 electrodes from left hemisphere and right hemisphere at anterior locations (frontal and fronto-central) and posterior locations (centro-parietal and parietal). These electrodes were divided into four areas: Left-Anterior (LA: F1, F3, F5, FC1, FC3, F5), Left-Posterior (LP: P1, P3, P5, CP1, CP3, CP5), Right-Anterior (RA: F2, F4, F6, FC2, FC4, FC6), and Right-Posterior (RP: P2, P4, P6, CP2, CP4, CP6). The mean amplitude for each of the four areas under each condition was computed. Two congruency (congruent, incongruent) �� 2 target valence (angry/negative, happy/positive) �� 2 laterality [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PFKM PFKM] (left, right) �� 2 location (anterior, posterior) repeated-measures ANOVAs were performed for N400 and LPP components. Results Each participant��s mean recognition accuracies and RTs to target faces (Experiment 1) or words (Experiment 2) were computed. Data beyond three standard deviations of the mean value were discarded from further analyses (2% for both Experiments 1 and 2). The Shapiro�CWilk test for normality showed that RT data were normally distributed (Ws > 0.91, ps > 0.05). Experiment 1 Table ?Table11 displays mean RTs and accuracy rates under affectively congruent and incongruent conditions in Experiment 1. Table 1 Mean RTs (ms) and accuracies to angry and happy faces [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/BMS-754807.html BMS 754807] under different priming conditions (M �� SD) in Experiment 1. A 2 (affective congruency: congruent, incongruent) �� 2 (target valence: angry, happy) repeated-measures ANOVA was performed on RTs. The main effect of congruency was not significant [F(1,18) = 0.19, p > 0.05, ��p2 = 0.11]. The main effect of target valence was significant [F(1,18) = 21.94, p  0.05). FIGURE 2 Mean RT for different expressions under affectively incongruent or congruent primes in Experiment 1. In Experiment 1, the ERP data of eighteen participants were remained for analyses while one was excluded due to excessive ocular artifacts and electrode drift (>25% of trials). The ANOVA for N170 revealed a significant interaction between congruency and target valence [F(1,17) = 16.42, p