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Inter- and intra-observer variability was calculated as the absolute difference of the corresponding pair of repeated measurements in percent of their mean in each patient and then averaged over the 15 patients. Biplane cineangiography It was obtained in long axial projections (right anterior oblique 30�� in frontal position and left anterior oblique 60�� with 20�� cranial angulation in lateral position) at 35 frames/sec. LV volume was calculated using the following equation assuming that LV geometry approximated with considerable accuracy by an ellipsoid. Correction for image magnification and distortion from non-parallel X-rays was performed according to the method of Greene et al.10) LV end diastolic volume (LVEDV) = 4/3 �� [(L/2) (M/2) (N/2)] = ��/6 (LMN) Where V is the LV volume, L is the long axis, M is the short axis in one plane and N is the short [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PIK-3 PIK-3] axis in the other plane.10) Then, LVEDV index (LVEDVI) was calculated by dividing LVEDV by body surface area.11) Statistical analysis All statistical calculations were done using computer programs SPSS (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) version 15 for Microsoft Windows. Results The study included 19 males (47.5%) [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/E7080.html selleck products] and 21 females (52.5%). Fourteen patients were offspring of consanguineous marriage. Their mean age was 3.0 �� 1.8 years; their age ranges between 11 months and 8 years with median 2.35 years, their mean weight was 12.9 �� 3.4 kg, and their mean body surface area was 0.5 �� 0.1 m2. The control group included 18 children with age ranged between 10 months to 6.5 years, median age 2.5 years. The group included 10 females (56%) and 8 males (44%). Table 1 shows the demographic, echocardiographic data including conventional echocardiography and RT3DE and the angiographic data of the included patients. Two cases (5%) only had LVEDVI between 20�C30 mL3/m2 and the remaining 38 cases (95%) had a volume > 30 mL3/m2. Table 1 Demographic and conventional and RT3DE echocardiographic and angiographic data of the studied cases There was a good correlation between RT3DE and cineangiography for estimation of LVEDVI in all studied patients (r = 0.97, p [http://www.selleckchem.com/screening/ion-channel-ligand-library.html Ion Channel Ligand Library] upper limit of agreement was 3.1 and the lower limit of agreement was -8.3. Fig. 2 Good correlation between real time three dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) and cineangiography for estimation of left ventricular end diastolic volume index (LVEDVI) in all studied patients. Fig. 3 Bland-Altman plot showing comparison between the left ventricular end diastolic volume index (LVEDVI) by real time three dimensional echocardiography and angiography. We compared the 2D and RT3DE echocardiographic findings of both cases and controls as shown in Table 2. LVEDV measured by RT3DE in the studied TOF cases was with a mean value of 22.5 �� 7.4 mL3.