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As you can see the planet without a telescope (with difficulty), people have known about Mercury's existence for thousands of years, [http://www.patientmonitor2016.com/Reusable-Spo2-Sensors/  Medical consumables]but it wasn't until the 20th century that we really got to understand what the planet was really like.

4. Mercury is named after a god from Roman mythology, who served as a super fast messenger for the other gods, and is often pictured wearing winged sandals. The Greek version of the god was called Hermes. As well as being a messenger of the gods, he is also the god of financial profit, business, eloquence (and therefore poetry), all forms of communication, travelers, luck, trickery and thieves; plus he serves as a guide to souls in the underworld.

6. The planet has lots of craters because it has virtually no atmosphere to protect it from meteoroids and asteroids. (The only atmosphere is very thin and unstable).

7. The lack of atmosphere also means that the planet goes through big temperature changes. During the day, because Mercury is close to the sun, it heats up to around 750 degrees Fahrenheit   but at nighttime, without an atmosphere to stop the heat escaping, the temperature drops to  300 degrees Fahrenheit. That's a temperature difference of over 1000 degrees!