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Acoustic data were collected with a calibrated hull-mounted Simrad EK60 (ES38) 38-kHz split-beam echo sounder, with a 7�� beam angle. The echo sounder was continuously transmitting at a rate of 0.4?ping?s?1, except during periods when the echo sounder was interfering with short-term use of other acoustic instruments. The acoustic data was filtered to remove acoustic noise (see Klevjer et al., 2012 for further description), and then presented as 24-h echograms. Matlab and LSSS (Korneliussen et al., 2009) were used for acoustic data processing and illustrations. A remotely operated vehicle (ROV) equipped with a macro-zoom and two wide-angle cameras (see Batang et al., 2012 [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/VX-770.html Ivacaftor concentration] for further description) was deployed during daytime at Kebrit (three deployments) and around sunset at Atlantis II (one deployment). The ROV descended towards the bottom at a rate of ?0.4?m/s while the cameras recorded continuously. During one daytime deployment, the lights were turned off as the ROV descended, then turned on for five-minute periods when the ROV stopped within the different SL��s. Few fish were observed during this deployment, thus, during the other deployments, the lights were on continuously. The videos were analyzed for presence of fish by counting skinnycheek lanternfish observed [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxymatrine Oxymatrine] in hundred meter depth intervals. The skinnycheek lanternfish was identified based on its morphology and a characteristic stop-and-go swimming pattern, corresponding to that observed from submersibles (Barham, 1966) and recorded acoustically (Kaartvedt et al., 2008) in other lanternfish species. Some individuals were probably counted at least twice as they would disappear from the field of view of the camera, but reappear later. However, these results are merely used to complement the net-tow data and the acoustic data on the vertical distribution of the skinnycheek lanternfish. Thus, the depth where the skinnycheek lanternfish first appear is of [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Imatinib-Mesylate.html Imatinib] most importance. At both stations, the temperature decreased from >26?��C at the surface, converging to ?22?��C at ?250?m (Fig. 2). The oxygen levels decreased from ?4.5?ml?O2?l?1 in the surface to an oxygen minimum zone with oxygen levels 25 at both stations and total number of zooplankton below 600?m was