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For each needle biopsy, certain variables were assessed, including GS, the percentage of tumor as a function of all the biopsy tissues, the number of cancer-positive cores, and the total number of cores from all biopsy sites. All biopsy specimens were reviewed by experienced pathologists in accordance with the standard Gleason grading criteria. The percentages of biopsy cores positive were grouped as ��33%, 34-67%, and >67%. The assigned percentage of biopsy core-positive subgroups along with [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/gant61.html Smoothened inhibitor] pre-treatment PSA and GS were used to develop probability for pathologic bone scan. At least 2 h after the intravenous injection of 740 MBq (20 mCi) 99mTc-MDP, whole-body bone scan images were obtained on the anterior and posterior projections, if necessary together with oblique or lateral static images for areas of interest, using a large-field of view, dual-head gamma camera (ECAM; Dual Head Variable Systems, Siemens, Illinois, USA) equipped with high-resolution collimator. All scans were reported by experienced nuclear [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/plerixafor-8hcl-db06809.html Selleckchem Plerixafor] medicine specialists with knowledge of clinical and laboratory findings, regardless of the PSA level at diagnosis, GS, clinical T stage and symptom. The relationship between the serum PSA, ALP, GS, percentage of positive biopsy cores and the result of the bone scan was examined by calculating series of crude, stratified, and adjusted odd ratios (OR) (three of four factors aforementioned held constant when calculating the OR in the multivariate analysis) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The groupings were based on previous papers on this subject published on journals with high impact factors.[8,9] Multivariate analysis was performed to the variables with P  of positive bone [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorylase Phosphorylase] metastases were evaluated by PSA level at diagnosis, GS and percent of positive cores (PPC) of biopsy. Two-sided t-tests were used to compare the continuous parameters. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the predictors of patients with positive bone metastasis. In addition, for PSA values, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed and data are given as area under the curve (AUC) with 95% CI and significance levels. RESULTS Two hundred twenty consecutive newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients were included in the analysis. Forty-four patients had a positive scan indicative of metastatic disease (20%, 95% CI, 17-24%). Median age of patients with and without bone metastasis was 69.2 and 64.7 years old, respectively (P = 0.
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10 14 15 Although radiation therapy could be helpful, it has its own acute and late side effects. In this patient the mass was just posterior to the right breast and anterior to the right lung, the most important organs at risk of side effects especially at the late phase. Since the volume of the lung receiving high radiation dose is not significant and mean total lung dose is surely less than 20 Gy the lung toxicity is acceptable. Radiation therapy of the breast of young women, however is always of great concern. The most important issue is the risk of second cancers, carcinoma and sarcoma. Most of our knowledge about radiation-induced breast carcinoma in young girls revolves [http://www.selleckchem.com/products/bardoxolone-methyl.html http://www.selleckchem.com/products/bardoxolone-methyl.html] around studies on survivors of Hodgkin's lymphoma receiving radiation with various fields and doses with and without chemotherapy. In a study performed by the German Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group ?breast cancer was seen in 13 patients from 5367 treated patients. Sixty-two per cent of them were between 16 and 34?years at diagnosis/treatment of the Hodgkin's disease.16 In another study carried out by De Bruin et al among 1122 women, 5-year survivors treated for Hodgkin's disease before the age of 51, after a median follow-up of 17.8?years, 120 women developed breast cancer; indicating an absolute excess risk of 57/10?000 patients/year. The overall cumulative incidence 30?years after treatment was 19% (95% CI 16% to �C23%); while for those [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RVX_208 RVX-208] treated before the age 21?years, it was 26% (95% CI 19% to [http://www.selleckchem.com/screening/chemical-library.html high throughput screening] 33%). The relative risk remained high after prolonged follow-up (>30?years posttreatment: standardised incidence ratio, 9.5; 95% CI 4.9 to 16.6). They concluded reduction in radiation volume appeared to decrease the risk of breast cancer after the Hodgkin's disease. Furthermore, women with ��20?years of intact ovarian function after radiotherapy at young ages (

Version du 20 octobre 2016 à 14:45

10 14 15 Although radiation therapy could be helpful, it has its own acute and late side effects. In this patient the mass was just posterior to the right breast and anterior to the right lung, the most important organs at risk of side effects especially at the late phase. Since the volume of the lung receiving high radiation dose is not significant and mean total lung dose is surely less than 20 Gy the lung toxicity is acceptable. Radiation therapy of the breast of young women, however is always of great concern. The most important issue is the risk of second cancers, carcinoma and sarcoma. Most of our knowledge about radiation-induced breast carcinoma in young girls revolves http://www.selleckchem.com/products/bardoxolone-methyl.html around studies on survivors of Hodgkin's lymphoma receiving radiation with various fields and doses with and without chemotherapy. In a study performed by the German Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group ?breast cancer was seen in 13 patients from 5367 treated patients. Sixty-two per cent of them were between 16 and 34?years at diagnosis/treatment of the Hodgkin's disease.16 In another study carried out by De Bruin et al among 1122 women, 5-year survivors treated for Hodgkin's disease before the age of 51, after a median follow-up of 17.8?years, 120 women developed breast cancer; indicating an absolute excess risk of 57/10?000 patients/year. The overall cumulative incidence 30?years after treatment was 19% (95% CI 16% to �C23%); while for those RVX-208 treated before the age 21?years, it was 26% (95% CI 19% to high throughput screening 33%). The relative risk remained high after prolonged follow-up (>30?years posttreatment: standardised incidence ratio, 9.5; 95% CI 4.9 to 16.6). They concluded reduction in radiation volume appeared to decrease the risk of breast cancer after the Hodgkin's disease. Furthermore, women with ��20?years of intact ovarian function after radiotherapy at young ages (

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