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There were no major differences in symptoms of headache and stomach-ache between ethnic Danes and immigrants. When adjusting for symptoms the association between medicine use and immigrant background only attenuated slightly, indicating that this potential mediating factor do not explain the higher medicine use among immigrants and descendants. Symptoms While aches represent the most common reason for medicine use for aches, not all medicine use for aches can be explained by prevalence of headache or stomach-ache [13]. These results are in line with what Turunen et al., who found frequent use of analgesics among participants with low pain symptom prevalence [14]. It may be that immigrant and descendant adolescents�� boys use medicines for aches outside indication to cope with psychosocial stressors Duvelisib in their daily lives. Comparison to other studies Our findings about a higher prevalence of medicine use among immigrants and descendants correspond with a study based on an earlier HBSC data collection [15]. Two other studies show the opposite result, a study from Germany which found that self-medication was not related to immigrant background [9] and a Norwegian study which showed that there were no differences in the dispensing of prescribed analgesics between descendant adolescents and ethnic Norwegians [16]. The two latter Selleckchem Bleomycin studies, however, do not provide insight into the common over-the-counter (OTC) medicine use for aches among adolescents. Research suggests PRDX4 that OTC medicines may be the ones most used by young people to alleviate pain as well as discomfort and stress, especially among young women [17-20]. One of the main hypotheses in studies of migration and health is that differences by immigrant background converge over time, i.e. should be less visible among descendants than among immigrants [21]. Although our results suggest this gradient for medicine use for stomach-ache among girls, we did not find it among boys, with descendant adolescents using more medicine for aches than immigrants compared to ethnic Danes. We recommend future qualitative research to look into the reason of the highest using of medicine for aches among descendants. Strengths and Limitations Our study was based on a large, national representative survey with a high response rate, which limits a potential selection bias. If the 11% non participants suffer more aches and have an over-representation of immigrants, our analyses may have under-estimated the association between immigrant background and medicine us. Although the study population was large, the number of immigrants and descendants was fairly low and precluded studies of specific immigrant populations.