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The aim of this study is to determine the etiological profile and distribution of the patients who visited an outpatient clinic to evaluate short stature. Materials and methods 1. Subjects This study is based on the retrospective analysis of the data of 3,664 children who were evaluated for short stature at the Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University PDGFRA College of Medicine, from January 2010 to December 2012. Patients who had a follow-up period less than 1 year were excluded. Accordingly, 293 patients were excluded and 3,371 patients were analyzed. 2. Methods Short stature was defined as a height below the third percentile for the corresponding age and gender in a Korean growth chart that was revised in 2007, Afatinib cell line and etiological categorization was based on Ranke MB's classification8). We collected data on the patients' medical history (age, sex, intrauterine period, birth weight, yearly growth rate (YGR), midparental height (MPH), medication history, admission history, and outpatient history), physical findings (height, weight, upper/lower ratio, Tanner staging, and any abnormal findings), and laboratory tests. Primary screening tests including complete blood count, routine chemistry, T3, free T4, thyroid-stimulating hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and urine analysis were performed. Bone age was estimated through left hand X-rays using the Greulich-Pyle method9) performed by the same observer. Predicted adult height (PAH) was estimated using the Bayley-Pinneau method10). In subjects whose heights was below the third percentile for the same age and sex and growth velocity was attenuated, combined pituitary function tests and brain magnetic resonance imagings were performed. Additionally, chromosome studies were done in female patients with short stature below the third percentile. FSS was attributed to a patient with a normal birth height and weight, a MPH below tenth percentile, a normal YGR, and a bone age appropriate for Selleckchem Dasatinib their chronologic age. CGD was attributed to a patient with a normal birth height and weight, a MPH above tenth percentile, a normal YGR, and a delayed bone age one to two years. GHD attributed to a patient whose GH levels were less than 10 ng/mL after stimulation in two kinds of GH provocation tests, such as insulin tolerance test and L-dopa test8). Diagnosis of ISS was made after evidence of systemic, endocrine, nutritional or genetic abnormalities was not found. 3. Statistical analysis Statistical analysis of the results was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 20.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). All data was expressed as mean��standard deviation. Chi-square and t-test distributions were performed for between-pairs comparisons, and comparisons among groups were performed using analyses of variances. Differences were regarded as significant when P
