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0?mg/mL of the anionic compound. A multicomponent Isotretinoin standard solution containing the 12 analytes at 10?��g/mL was prepared by diluting the stock solutions. Aqueous standard solutions (2�C200?ng/L) containing all analytes were freshly prepared by serial dilution of the methanolic mixed solution of standards in clean drinking water. Stable isotope labelled PFCA and PFSA internal standard compounds (SIL-IS) were purchased from Wellington Laboratories (Guelph, ON, Canada) in 2?��g/mL solution mixtures. SIL-IS were 13C4-PFBA, 13C2-PFHxA, 13C4-PFOA, 13C5-PFNA, 13C2-PFDA, 13C2-PFUnDA, 13C2-PFDoDA, 18O2-PFHxS, and 13C4-PFOS. The solution of SIL-IS was diluted to a concentration of 40?ng/mL with methanol. All standard solutions were stored at +4��C. All reagents were analytical reagent grade. Supelco-Supelclean EnviCarb, LC-MS Chromasolv methanol, LC-MS Chromasolv acetonitrile, ammonium acetate (99%), and concentrated formic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Water (find more were collected from Italian water bodies between 2010 and 2013. The surveyed river basins were rivers Po, Adige, and Brenta in Northern Italy and rivers Arno and Tevere in Central Italy. In the river Po basin, samples were collected also from the main tributaries Bormida, Tanaro, Ticino, Lambro, Adda, Oglio, and Mincio (Figure 1). River waters were collected by means of a bucket at the centre of the river bed. Samples from lake (lake Como) and transitional environments (lagoons of Venice and Goro in the Po Delta) were directly collected in the sampling vials by manually dipping the vial below the water surface from a boat. Ground waters were also collected between 2010 and 2012 from wells or piezometers. Figure 1 Watersheds of the first and second order rivers which were sampled. The samples were collected in polypropylene (PP) centrifuge tubes and kept in a refrigerator at 4��C until analysis. Analyses were carried out within the next 5 days. Contamination or adsorption of target compounds onto tube surfaces was assessed by analysing selected samples Kinase Inhibitor Library price (3 drinking water samples with low levels of contamination, 3 river samples with low levels of contamination, and 3 river samples with high levels of contamination) just after collection and after 1 month, without significant differences in the resulting concentrations. In order to prevent the clogging of any parts of the injector or column all aqueous samples were centrifuged. Before injection, in the final analytical procedure, standards and samples were acidified to pH 3 by adding 50?��L of concentrated formic acid to 10?mL of sample directly into the glass vials of the autosampler.
