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Yoga Practice Intervention The YG participants (n = 15) were instructed by a registered yoga instructor (ie, a minimum of 200 hours of yoga training selleck and in good standing with the Yoga Alliance). Participants received three individual therapeutic yoga sessions (60 minutes). The first session was individualized at the time of consent, and participants were given information on YP assessment and the first component of yoga, pranayana (breath work). The second and third individual yoga sessions started 1 week after surgery at a local yoga studio. The yoga offered was a combination of gentle and hatha yoga, which included pranayama and gentle movements of the upper and lower body on a chair or CB-839 molecular weight mat. Those in the YG were asked to attend one weekly 60-minute gentle YG class for 8 weeks during the postoperative period (week 4 to week 12). All participants received a gentle yoga DVD to use at home at least once per week. Control Group The CG (n = 15) continued with usual care before and after the surgical procedure. Following the study completion, the CG participants were offered eight free yoga classes and provided with a yoga DVD. Main Outcome Measures Participant characteristics and outcomes were summarized with frequencies and percentages for categorical data and with mean and range (or median and interquartile range [IQR] where appropriate) for continuous data. Cortisol, cortisone, QoL, mood, fatigue, and perceived stress levels within each treatment group were compared between baseline and 12 weeks postintervention with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, and the pre- and post-differences were compared between treatment groups with Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Although this was designed as a pilot study and thus underpowered to detect small differences, P values Succimer of the intervention was good, and adherence to protocol high, with 15 participants (100%) in the YG attending the first individual session and 13 (87%) attending all three individual yoga sessions (Figure 1). Six patients (40%) attended five or more of the recommended eight group sessions (median 3 classes), and 11 (73%) reported performing the home-based, DVD-guided exercises at least once weekly. One participant (7%) in each group dropped out of the study (Figure 2). Figure 1 Yoga adherence. Figure 2 Flow of patients through the study. The groups were similar in baseline characteristics (Table 1) with the YG having a higher rate of lumpectomy vs mastectomy. Radiation was more common in the YG, but this is to be expected given the higher lumpectomy rate.