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In some cases, excised graft could be replaced by extra-anatomical bypass grafting or when peripheral perfusion was good, it could not be replaced. Finally, when revascularization was not possible, amputation was proposed to the patient. Empirical broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy was started immediately after intraoperative sampling, and was secondarily adapted to microbiological results. Nevertheless, in cases of severe sepsis, empirical treatment was started before surgical management, immediately after blood samples had been collected. Initial antimicrobial treatment was considered to be appropriate when all causative pathogens were susceptible in?vitro to at least one of the antibiotics in the regimen. Antibiotic treatment duration depended on the vascular substitute selleck used to replace the infected prosthesis. In cases of prosthetic vascular grafts or allografts/homografts, the duration of intravenous antibiotic treatment was 6?weeks, followed by oral administration for a minimal duration of 6�C12?months. Then, VAV2 prolonged suppressive antimicrobial therapy was proposed in immunocompromised patients or very old patients with altered status. Prolonged suppressive antimicrobial therapy was also prescribed when the proposed surgical procedure was refused by the patient or contraindicated. When autogenous vein grafts were used, the duration of intravenous antimicrobial treatment was 3?weeks without additional oral treatment. Patient outcome was assessed during hospitalization, upon completion of antibiotic treatment and during a long-term follow-up ��1?year. The parameters used to assess long-term outcome included physical examination, signs of arterial dysfunction (arterial Doppler, computed tomography scan) and laboratory tests (C-reactive protein and differential leukocyte counts). In-hospital patient mortality was defined Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Library clinical trial as any death, regardless of its cause, occurring during hospitalization in our referral centre. Cure was defined as the absence of clinical, biological and radiological evidence of infection during the entire post-treatment follow-up for a minimum of 1?year. Failure was defined as any other outcome. Descriptive analyses were performed to check. Quantitative variables are reported as means?��?standard deviations. Qualitative variables are reported as number and percentage. Continuous variables were compared by use of Student��s t-test. Categorical variables were compared by use of the chi-square test or Fisher��s exact test when the chi-square test was not appropriate. Differences between groups were considered to be significant for variables yielding a p-value ��0.05. To determine independent variables associated with prognosis, we performed a complete multivariate analysis, including prognostic factors associated with a p-value