An 5-Second Principle On lazabemide
Cold stimulation test In our center, testing of patients�� response to cold stimulation is mandatory due to our national regulations. Therefore, we routinely apply the cold stimulation test (CST) to all of our patients presenting with the Raynaud phenomenon symptomatology. CST is performed at room temperature (26��C). All patients are only allowed to wear their shirts, without additional jackets or coats throughout the test. All measurements of CST are DAPT chemical structure performed with the patient��s hand at the level of the heart. A Sonatemp? 400/700 Monitor (Sheridan Catheter Corp. Argyle, NY, USA) device was used for temperature measurements. According to our protocol, application of the CST is as follows: 1. Hand temperatures of the patients are measured with a probe, which is inserted between the pulp of the first and second distal phalanges. 2. The most affected extremity is immersed into the +4��C iced-water for 20 seconds. 3. After drying the hands, lazabemide the fingertip temperature is measured again at 5th, 10th, 15th and 20th minutes, with the same technique as detailed before. 4. The rewarming time to initial temperature is also recorded. We recently defined an assessment scale of CST in our previous paper [3]. The assessment scale for CST is given in Table 1. Table 1 Assessment scale for cold stimulation test. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the medical treatment, we routinely use a verbal complaint severity scale (VCSS) described in our previous study [4]. Medical treatment According to our clinical protocol, we routinely use the combination of pentoxifylline 1200 mg/d bid (2��600 mg) as a vasodilator molecule, nifedipine 60 mg/d bid (2��30 mg) as a calcium-channel blocker, and acetylsalicylic acid 300 mg/d (1��300 mg) as an antiplatelet agent. Veliparib concentration Beside these medications, all of the patients are advised to protect themselves from cold as much as possible. Patients were informed about the possible adverse effects of these medications. Statistical analysis SPSS for Mac 20.0 package program (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL) was used for statistical evaluation. Descriptive results were expressed as mean �� standard deviation for normally distributed continuous variables and median values for abnormally distributed continuous variables. Categorical variables were reported as numbers and percentages. Before analyses, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for analyzing the distribution pattern of data. Comparisons of the parametric values were performed with the t-test for normally distributed groups and with Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed ranks test with abnormally distributed groups. Pearson��s chi-square test, Fisher��s exact test, and McNemar-Bowker test were used for the comparisons of categorical variables. A p value of
