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On logistic regression analysis, there was significant inverse association between stone-free status and stone size (p = 0.001), number of involved calyces (p = 0.001), number of tracts (p = 0.01), operative time (p = 0.001), and the S.T.O.N.E. score (p = 0.002) (Table 2). Table 2. Logistic regression analysis of parameters predicting stone-free status Since stone size, number of involved calyces, and S.T.O.N.E. score are the only preoperative predictors of stone-free status, ROC curves were drawn to compare their accuracies in predicting stone-free status (Fig. 2). Fig. 2. Receiver operator characteristic curve demonstrating accuracy of the S.T.O.N.E nephrolithometry score, stone size, and number of involved calyces on Everolimus in vivo preoperative prediction of stone-free status. All three had comparable accuracies with the area under curve (AUC) of 0.64 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.54�C74; p = 0.005), 0.66 (95% CI 0.57�C76; p = 0.001), and 0.63 (95% CI 0.53�C0.73; p = 0.01) for stone size, number of involved calyces and S.T.O.N.E. nephrolithometry scoring system, respectively. There was no significant difference between the AUC of the S.T.O.N.E. scoring system and the AUC of the stone size (0.63 vs. 0.64; p = 0.88) and between the AUC of the S.T.O.N.E. scoring system and the AUC of the number of involved calyces (0.63 vs. 0.66; p = 0.66). Regression analysis was performed to assess the effect size Palbociclib supplier of the S.T.O.N.E. score on stone-free status, EBL, operative time, and LOS (Table 3). Stone-free status had an odds ratio of 0.7 (range: 0.6�C0.9) and EBL (��250 cc) had an odds ratio of 1.4 (range: 1.1�C1.7). Furthermore, each unit increase in the S.T.O.N.E. nephrolithometry score led to an increase Cofactor in the operative time of 7.7 minutes (range: 4.6�C10.9) and an increase in the LOS of 0.6 days (range: 0.2�C0.9) (Table 3). Table 3. Effect size of S.T.O.N.E. score on stone-free status, EBL (��250 cc), operative time, and LOS on regression analysis Discussion Standardization of a universal scoring system that assesses PCNL complexity and predicts PCNL outcomes will not only aid urologists in preoperative patient counselling, but it will also help in comparing PCNL outcomes among different surgeons and institutions. The current study assessed the external validation of the S.T.O.N.E. nephrolithometry scoring system and helped to determine significant predictors of stone-free status post-PCNL. Despite the lack of correlation between the S.T.O.N.E. score and postoperative complications (p = 0.9), the S.T.O.N.E. score significantly affected the stone-free status (p = 0.001), operative time (p
