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Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software 18.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The significance of differences between groups was assessed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan��s multiple range test. A P valueCDK9 hydroxyl radicals by WGE treatment increased Dolutegravir solubility dmso between 20 and 50 ��g/mL whereas the scavenging activity of F-WGE increased dose-dependently to 0.12, 2.31, and 3.18 TE at 10, 20 and 50 ��g/mL, respectively (Fig. 2). Furthermore, the scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals by F-WGE treatment was significantly higher than that of WGE at 20 and 50 ��g/mL. Fig. 2 The scavenging activities of WGE and F-WGE against hydroxyl radicals produced by Cu2+-H2O2. The WGE and F-WGE were dose-dependently increased in hydroxyl radical scavenging activities at 1, 5, 10, 20, and 50 ��g/mL. The ORAC values were calculated ... Cu2+-chelating activities of WGE and F-WGE Cu2+-chelating activity was measured as the inhibition percentage of calcein-Cu2+ complex formation by each antioxidant. Calcein is used as metal chelator and emits fluorescence. As shown in Fig. 3, the Cu2+-chelating activity of the positive control, quercetin was 67.2% at 10 ��g/mL. The Cu2+-chelating activities of WGE and F-WGE increased dose-dependently at 1, 5, 10, 20, and 50 ��g/mL. F-WGE had stronger Cu2+-chelating activity Obeticholic Acid cell line than the positive control at 10, 20, and 50 ��g/mL and individual concentrations also had significantly stronger activity than WGE. Thus, these results are consistent with the results observed against hydroxyl radicals. The anti-oxidant effect of F-WGE in vitro is believed to occur through either direct scavenging or occurrence suppression of hydroxyl radicals by metal chelation. WGE was confirmed to act only through direct scavenging of the hydroxyl radicals generated in the Fenton reaction. Fig. 3 The Cu2+-chelating activities of WGE and F-WGE. The Cu2+-chelating activity of WGE and F-WGE was measured using calcein. The Cu2+-chelating activity of F-WGE was dose-dependently increased at 1, 5, 10, 20, and 50 ��g/mL. The results represent mean��SD ... Cell viability of HepG2 and confluent 3T3-L1 cells by WGE and F-WGE treatment To evaluate the effect of WGE and F-WGE on cell viability, the HepG2 cells and confluent 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were assessed using the MTT assay. The HepG2 cells were exposed to 50, 100, and 200 ��g/mL of WGE and F-WGE for 3 h, while the confluent 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were treated at 10, 50, 100, and 200 ��g/mL for 24 h.
