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The soleus and TA background EMG activity was normalized to the maximal soleus and TA activity during walking, and the ratio between TA and soleus background activity was calculated to estimate the level of co-contraction for each motor task. Mean values are indicated?��?1 SEM. Statistics The data were analyzed at three levels of interest: (1) to test the influence of conditioning stimuli on the soleus H-reflex in each individual (comparison between the 20 control H-reflexes and the 20 conditioned H-reflexes using paired t test); (2) to determine if the mean effect in the group was significantly different from 0 (comparing the mean effect in the 15 subjects to a theoretical value using t test; in this case 0 indicates Pictilisib no effect); and (3) to determine whether the effects of conditioning (isolated and combined) stimuli changed across tasks taking into account all the factors that could have influenced the results (multiple comparisons). Before multiple comparisons, we tested the changes in the level of soleus and TA background EMG activities, soleus and TA ratios, soleus M-waves, soleus control H-reflexes, and TMS intensities (AMT) which could have influenced the effects of conditioning stimuli across tasks. For this, because of non-normal data and variance distribution, we used Friedman tests and when a significant P value was found, post hoc Bonferroni Dunn's tests were performed. Correlation analysis was also performed to evaluate the relationship between the soleus background EMG activity and the H-reflex control size, and the relationship between Azastene the level of reciprocal Ia inhibition and the corticospinal facilitation. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was also performed to compare the H-reflex control size between tasks taking into account the background activity. Last, multiple regression analyses were performed to compare the effect of isolated DPN stimuli, isolated TMS, or combined stimuli on soleus H-reflex across tasks taking into account the level of soleus and TA background VE-821 mw activity, the size of the control soleus H-reflex, and TMS intensity. Statistical analysis was conducted using StatEL software (www.adscience.eu). In all statistical tests, significant differences were tested at 95% of the confidence level. Results Reciprocal Ia inhibition during seated Nonrectified waveform averages (N?=?20) of the soleus H-reflex under control conditions and following DPN stimulation from one representative subject when seated are shown in Fig.?Fig.3A.3A. The corresponding difference between the mean amplitude of the control and conditioned soleus H-reflexes at each C-T interval tested is shown in Fig.?Fig.3B.3B. DPN stimulation significantly depressed the soleus H-reflex at 2?msec (P?
