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The carbon isotope composition was calculated relative to the Pee Dee Belemnite (PDB) standard as the ratio (��): ��13C = [(Rsample/Rstandard) ? 1] �� 1000, where Rsample and Rstandard are the ratios of 13C/12C in the sample and the standard, respectively. Statistical analyses The variables including LDM, SDM, RDM, TDM, RGR, R/S ratio, TWU, WUEwp and ��13C were analysed using the general linear model (Proc GLM) to test the effect of the populations, water treatments and their interactions. Leaf gas exchange parameters, including Asat, gs, Ci and WUEi, were analysed by the GLM with the measurement time as a covariate. When the differences were significant, a multiple comparison of means www.selleckchem.com/products/GDC-0941.html (post-hoc Tukey's honestly significant difference test) diglyceride was carried out. Before the statistical tests were performed using the SPSS software package (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), the homogeneity of the data was determined. Results Plant growth, biomass production and allocation As the available soil water decreased, the dry mass of leaves (LDM), stems (SDM) and roots (RDM) decreased in both populations, which leads to a decrease in total dry mass (TDM); RGR was also reduced (Table?1, Fig.?1). Compared with the seedlings exposed to the low water stress, the severe water stress resulted in a significant decrease in the TDM by 38 and 82 % and the RGR by 26 and 71 % for the HP and LP, respectively (Table?1, Fig.?1). The values of the RGR and TDM were higher in the HP than those in the LP across mild, moderate and severe stress treatments (Table?1, Fig.?1). The dry mass allocation differed significantly between the HP and LP as the water stress increased (Fig.?1). AZD0530 research buy The R/S ratio increased by a factor of 1.54 for the LP from low to severe water stress, but there were only slight changes between the low water stress and the other three treatments in the HP (Fig.?1). The interactions between the populations and treatments for these variables were also highly significant (Table?2). Table?1. Growth, biomass production and allocation as well as water use of Pinus tabuliaeformis from a HP and a LP under various soil water conditions (80 % of maximal FC, 60 % FC, 40 % FC and 20 % FC). Each point represents mean �� SE. The letters indicate ... Table?2. Comparison of all variables measured in the experiment. The P-values are presented for the watering treatments, populations and their interactions. *P