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The prevalence of atopic dermatitis was lower in subjects with type 2 diabetes compared with nondiabetic subjects (3.2%vs 6.1%), P?=?0.009, but this relationship did not remain statistically significant after adjusting for confounders. The sex-adjusted risk of asthma in a total of 241 twin pairs discordant for type 2 diabetes was higher in the diabetic twin relative to the nondiabetic co-twin (11.9%vs 11.3%), OR?=?1.07 (0.54�C2.14), P?=?0.844. Zygosity-specific risk estimates were not obtainable for MZ twins, but among DZ twins the sex-adjusted risk of asthma was further increased in the type 2 diabetic twin relative to the nondiabetic co-twin, (13.4%vs 12.1%), OR?=?1.23 CHIR-99021 research buy (0.60�C2.52), P?=?0.571, suggesting an attenuation of the effect sizes for these associations in MZ twins. The same pattern was also observed among twin pairs discordant for BMI, in that the twin with the highest BMI had the highest risk of asthma among all twin pairs (8.7%vs 8.2%), sex-adjusted OR?=?1.13 (1.01�C1.26), P?=?0.027 and among DZ twin pairs (9.1%vs 8.0%), OR?=?1.23 (1.08�C1.39), P?=?0.002 but not among MZ twin pairs (8.0%vs 8.5%), OR?=?0.89 (0.71�C1.11), P?=?0.291. In DZ twin pairs, the risk of asthma was further increased in the heavier twin relative to the lighter twin with increasing BMI difference between the two twins in the pair; risk when discordance >5?kg/m2, (10.5%vs 8.8%), OR?=?1.34 (0.94�C1.92), P?=?0.111; when discordance >10?kg/m2, (18.1%vs 9.1%), OR?=?2.22 (1.05�C4.69), P?=?0.038; when discordance >15?kg/m2, (25.5%vs 12.8%), OR =?2.64 (0.80�C8.75), Y-27632 order P?=?0.112 and when discordance >20?kg/m2, (28.6%vs 14.3%), OR?=?2.74 (0.27�C28.14), P?=?0.397, whereas this effect was not seen among MZ twin pairs, indicating genetic confounding between asthma and BMI. Variance decomposition showed that additive genetic factors accounted for 62% of the variance in the susceptibility to asthma, 74% for type 2 diabetes and 73% for BMI, whereas shared environment did not significantly influence the disease Fleroxacin susceptibility (Table?3). The influence of genetic factors was not significantly different in men and women for these traits. Significant genetic correlations were found between asthma and type 2 diabetes, 0.20 (0.01�C0.40), P?=?0.047; between asthma and BMI in women, 0.15 (0.07�C0.22), P?
