In General You Do Not Have To Be Adenine Dependent To Get Stung

This result supported the resource limitation hypothesis (Bryant et al. 1991) because hosts with increasing host age (or size) have more resources available to defend against or limit the establishment of haustoria (Runyon et al. 2010). Our field investigation found that B. pilosa plants with a height >90 cm were resistant because they were less infected by C. australis, whereas B. pilosa plants with a height Selleckchem Target Selective Inhibitor Library could be successfully used as a potential biological agent in the control of invasive B. pilosa plants only in the early stages of development. However, as Boege (2005) indicated, further studies are needed to better and fully understand the mechanisms underlying the effects of host ontogeny on the responses of the host plants to herbivores or (holo) parasites. Sources of Funding This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31270461; No. 30800133) and National Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (No. Y5110227). Contributions by the Authors J.L. and M.Y. conceived and designed research. B.Y., Q.Y. and J.Z. conducted experiments. J.L. analysed Adenine data. J.L. and M.L. wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript. Conflict of Interest Statement None declared. Footnotes The running title has been amended.""Globalization has resulted in dramatic increases in intentional and accidental introductions of plants to non-native ranges. Such introductions are often innocuous but at times result in widespread, ecologically damaging invasions (Simberloff et al. 2013). Recent syntheses of the growing body of work on the ecological impacts of non-native plant invasions indicate that they can lead to reductions in plant community diversity and performance, inhibition of succession in forests GW3965 and other ecosystems and alteration of nutrient cycling, hydrology and fire regimes, among other effects (Mack et al. 2000; Ehrenfeld 2003, 2010; Vil�� et al. 2011; Py?ek et al. 2012). However, given the rapid rate of non-native plant introductions (Hulme et al. 2009) and our current limitations in making generalizations regarding their impacts (Hulme et al. 2013), additional research to quantify the effects of invasions is needed. Such studies will help motivate protection and restoration of natural areas and inform prioritization of species for management (Parker et al. 1999; Simberloff et al. 2013). Although there has been considerable interest in synthesizing the growing body of work on the ecological effects of plant invasions (Py?ek et al. 2012), few studies have critically evaluated patterns in research methodology (e.g. Parker et al. 1999; Hulme et al. 2013).