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We examined these in more detail and showed that four lines have 5�� or 3�� RACE data that support the proposed protein trap insertions (bold in supplementary material Table?S3). We next examined the interaction and YFP expression data described below for evidence supporting proposed protein traps. For four lines we have mass spectrometry data identifying peptides from the proposed protein trap. For 45 lines, the YFP expression annotations and sub-cellular localisations are consistent with protein traps in the proposed genes, and this evidence is particularly compelling for 31 of these. We have therefore included these unverified lines in SKAP1 the list of protein traps, giving a total of 575 lines trapping 374 unique genes. The supporting evidence for each protein trap line is indicated in supplementary material Table?S2. Of the unique genes we trapped, 228 have associated lethal alleles in FlyBase. We have phenotypic information on our protein trap insertions in 223 of these genes, of which 148 (66%) are homozygous viable, including insertions in haplo-insufficient genes such as Notch and Ubx. For 63 (28%) of the genes, we recovered only lethal insertions and the remaining 12 (5%) contained semi-lethal or sterile insertions. Thus, more than two-thirds of protein trap insertions in essential genes yield at least partially this website functional proteins. Some significant examples include homozygous viable insertions in ��-Catenin, armadillo, CaMKII, emc, Notch, Ubx and zipper. Although we cannot directly assess the proportion of inserts in non-essential genes that are functional, this is likely to be similar to that of smoothened signaling essential genes. Overall, we have strong evidence for protein trap insertions in 374 annotated genes and we compared this list with the verified protein traps reported in the FlyTrap database (Morin et al., 2001; Buszczak et al., 2007; Quinones-Coello et al., 2007). Analysing the lists of trapped genes in FlyMine to account for any annotation differences, we identified a combined total of 514 trapped genes, of which 115 (22%) are common to both screens, 146 (28%) are unique to the Carnegie collection and 263 (51%) are unique to our new collection (supplementary material Table?S4). Thus, we have doubled the number of Drosophila proteins that have been tagged using this approach. We compared the general properties of the trapped genes with the entire genome and found that trapped loci have significantly more introns than the genome average (mean intron number 5.77 versus 2.35, P