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Various methods used for assessing airway inflammation have been studied including invasive techniques such as bronchoscopic biopsies and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid examination[7,8,9,10] and noninvasive ones such as sputum cytologic analysis,[29,30] eNO[21] and NO metabolites[22,23] in induced sputum. Of these, induced sputum nitrite levels are an easy, nonexpensive and noninvasive method of assessment of airway inflammation. However, correlation of nitrites in induced sputum with clinical asthma parameters has not been fully studied. Few studies in adults and fewer in children have been conducted in past using nitrate metabolites as a marker of airway inflammation and have studied their use in monitoring of asthma patients. To the Volasertib best of our knowledge, there is no Indian study which has studied the correlation between induced sputum nitrite levels and clinical asthma parameters in the SERCA pediatric population. There is only one study worldwide which has studied this correlation.[24] In our study, we found that induced sputum nitrite levels were high in cases at enrollment, and there was statistically significant reduction in this parameter after 3 months of inhaled budesonide therapy [Tables ?[Tables33 and ?and4].4]. Mean levels of sputum nitrite was 33.42 �� 22.04 nmol/ml at the time of enrollment which reduced significantly to value of 11.72 �� 5.61 nmol/ml (P selleck chemical anti-inflammatory therapy while nitrite levels were similar to controls in the study done by Castro-Rodriguez et al., at the end of study who gave treatment for 3 months. Hence, we have given therapy for 3 months. A significant positive correlation was found between the reduction in sputum nitrite levels with the improvement in clinical asthma parameters (i.e., days of acute exacerbations, use of salbutamol as rescue medication, emergency visits, nights with cough, and days of school absence) after 3 months of treatment [Table 5]. Similar results were found in a recent study conducted by Castro-Rodriguez et al.[24] However, in our study number of cases who completed the study were 85 as compared to the latter where it was 62. In the present study, patients were treated with budesonide for 3 months with a metered dose inhaler with a valved spacer which is an advantage over other studies[24,26] who have not used valved devices.