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19 Very few patients had confirmed hypoglycemic adverse events (AEs; defined as plasma glucose ��70 mg/dL and/or requiring assistance), but these were more common in the empagliflozin groups (0.5%, 1.8%, and 1.4% of placebo, empagliflozin 10 mg, and empagliflozin 25 mg groups, respectively); none of the patients required assistance.19 Events consistent with UTI occurred in a similar proportion of patients receiving placebo or empagliflozin, and events consistent with genital infection were more common in the empagliflozin groups (Table 4).19 In a 2-year, head-to-head study of empagliflozin (25 mg) versus glimepiride (1�C4 mg once daily; mean dose 2.7 mg/d) in patients on stable metformin, patients treated with empagliflozin had greater improvements in glucose control.20 At 52 weeks, learn more mean reductions in HbA1c were �C0.73% for the empagliflozin 25 mg group and �C0.66% for the glimepiride (1�C4 mg group; at 104 weeks), mean reductions were �C0.66% and �C0.55% for the respective groups. Significant reductions in bodyweight were observed with empagliflozin versus an PFKM increase with glimepiride (Table 3).20 Confirmed hypoglycemic AEs were more frequent in patients treated with glimepiride versus empagliflozin.20 The proportion of patients with events consistent with UTI was similar in both groups; however, events consistent with genital infection occurred in a higher proportion of the empagliflozin group (Table 4).20 Lastly, a comparison of empagliflozin twice-daily (12.5 and 5 mg) and once-daily (25 and 10 mg) regimens, all versus placebo, in patients on stable metformin revealed similar therapeutic effects and tolerability of both regimens, confirming the potential for empagliflozin to be given as single-pill combination with metformin immediate-release (Table 3).29 Empagliflozin�CDPP-4 inhibitor combination therapy Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are a commonly used second-line option for T2DM, having the advantages of well-established tolerability with no increased risk of hypoglycemia and being bodyweight-neutral.31 Empagliflozin has been studied as a single-pill combination with linagliptin see more in treatment-na?ve patients25 and as an add-on to stable metformin;26 both studies compared the single-pill combination with the individual components. In the treatment-na?ve patients, HbA1c reductions after 24 weeks were significantly greater for the empagliflozin 25 mg/linagliptin 5 mg single-pill formulation than linagliptin 5 mg (P