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fetida being much more dispersed along diglyceride the Y axis than those concerning E. andrei and D. veneta specimens. The present results concerning the lower DNA content in D. veneta than in Eisenia spp. are consistent with differences in haploid genome sizes between D. veneta versus E. fetida (0.46 and 0.7?pg, respectively) estimated by Gregory and Herbert (2002) using image-analysis densitometry of Feulgen-stained sperm and testis tissues, but it is not clear which of the two Eisenia species is being referred to. The problem of taxonomic status of E. fetida and E. andrei has been resolved quite recently, and in much of the older and even current literature both species are termed indiscriminately as E. fetida or E. foetida. In conclusion, the present results show that the propidium iodide-stained DNA diploid peaks are useful for IOX1 purchase D. veneta distinction from Eisenia spp., while peaks of E. andrei and E. fetida are less discriminatory between these species due to a wide dispersion of peaks location along the axis of fluorescence intensity in the latter species. This diversity corresponds to the presence of two subclades in the E. fetida clade obtained in the present paper by COI barcoding. Putatively, the E. fetida population from the Lille Laboratory contains a mixture of two or more sub-populations, although the founders were collected in one place. Hybridization of the syntopic species living in mixed colonies in dung and compost heaps could be possible and such a possibility has been investigated by several authors. Dominguez et al. (2005) experimentally evidenced that there is reproductive isolation between E. fetida and E. andrei connected with postcopula isolation mechanisms; the two species mate and produce cocoons, although these cocoons did not Epigenetic Reader Domain inhibitor hatch. Similar results were obtained by Reinecke and Viljoen (1991). In contrast, Andre (1963) showed that interspecific mating between E. fetida and E. andrei produced hybrid worms which were sterile and had an intermediate pigmentation pattern. Sheppard (1988) obtained fertile offspring of interspecific mating resembling the parental types, and he referred this phenomenon ��facilitated self-fertilization.�� Mixed populations and the resulting hybridization could hamper reproduction rates if maximum yield is to be attained (Reinecke and Viljoen, 1991). Presumably, the effects of hybridization in mixed populations may be dependent on the previous life history of syntopic species, thus further studies applying modern research techniques may be very fruitful. Species-specific characteristics of fluorescence/molecular fingerprints of the syntopic composting species are summarized in Table 1. (1) Amount of propidium iodide stained DNA increased in order D. veneta???E. andrei?
