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1990), as summarized below. 1 Sleight et al. (1995) demonstrated that carotid sinus stimulation produced by neck suction increases LF power only in individuals with normal baroreflex function and not in those with impaired baroreflex sensitivity. With or without adjustment for HF power, total power or respiration, LF power seems to provide an index not of cardiac sympathetic tone but of baroreflex Akt signaling pathway function. Manipulations and drugs that change LF power or LF:HF may do so not by affecting cardiac autonomic outflows directly but by affecting modulation of those outflows by baroreflexes. This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Ms Tereza Jenkins co-ordinated patient travel. ""What is the central question of this study? Early vascular changes at the molecular level caused by adoption of a sedentary lifestyle are incompletely characterized. Herein, we employed the rodent wheel-lock model to identify mRNAs in the arterial wall that are responsive to the acute transition from higher to lower levels of daily physical activity. Specifically, we evaluated whether short-term cessation of voluntary wheel running alters vascular mRNA levels in rat conduit arteries previously reported to have marked increases (i.e. iliac artery) versus marked decreases (i.e. renal artery) in blood flow during running. We used young female Wistar rats with free access to voluntary Montelukast Sodium running wheels. Following 23 days of voluntary running (average distance of ?15 km per night; ?4.4 h per night), rats EPZ-6438 concentration in one group were rapidly transitioned to a sedentary state by locking the wheels for 7 days (n= 9; wheel-lock 7 day rats) or remained active in a second group for an additional 7 days (n= 9; wheel-lock 0 day rats). Real-time PCR was conducted on total RNA isolated from iliac and renal arteries to evaluate expression of 25 pro-atherogenic and anti-atherogenic genes. Compared with the iliac arteries of wheel-lock 0 day rats, iliac arteries of wheel-lock 7 day rats exhibited increased expression of TNFR1 (+19%), ET1 (+59%) and LOX-1 (+31%; all P