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Also, 46% of patients had a pulmonary infiltrate on chest X-ray, involving upper lobes in 43%. Ibrutinib datasheet Twenty-six of the 134 isolated patients had culture-proven PTB, with M.?tuberculosis identified in 24 cases, and Mycobacterium africanum in two. Fourteen (53.8%) of these patients had a positive AFB sputum smear. The prevalence of PTB among isolated inpatients in our study was therefore 19.4% (95%?CI?13.6�C26.7), and was 2.2% among admitted patients. Among the 108 isolated patients who did not have PTB, nine presented with extrapulmonary TB. Three HIV-infected patients had Mycobacterium avium identified in sputum cultures, one of whom had a positive AFB sputum smear. In the univariate analysis, patients with PTB in our study were significantly younger, less frequently HIV-infected and had more frequently experienced weight loss, night sweats and fever than patients without TB (Table?2). Patients with TB also had more frequent upper lobe involvement and more cavitary lesions on chest X-ray. There were no differences in respiratory symptoms and laboratory parameters between patients with or without PTB. The performances of the admitting team and of the Wisnivesky CDR for the diagnosis of PTB are reported in Table?3. A high or intermediate suspicion of PTB by the admitting team was significantly associated with PTB (p?TRIB1 mediastinal lymphadenopathies on chest X-ray without visible infiltrate. He had a suspicion of lymphoma and his Wisnivesky score was 4. The Wisnivesky score was also significantly associated with the diagnosis of PTB, with a sensitivity of 96.2%, a specificity of 21.3%, a PPV of 22.7%, and an NPV of 95.8%. Use of the CDR would Akt inhibitor have correctly identified all but one patient with PTB. This 25-year-old HIV-negative man, originating from Mali, was admitted for a 2-week history of low-grade fever, and a thoracic abscess; he had mediastinal lymphadenopathies and rib osteolysis with a left lower lobe consolidation on chest X-ray. He had negative AFB sputum smears, with a Wisnivesky score of 0, and was isolated with an intermediate suspicion of PTB. However, during the study period, one patient not isolated on admission was eventually found to have culture-proven PTB, with a positive AFB sputum smear. This patient had a Wisnivesky score of 6, and would have been isolated had the score been used for the decision regarding isolation. This 39-year-old HIV-infected man from the Democratic Republic of Congo was admitted with a diagnosis of acute bacterial pneumonia of the left lower lobe, and AFB sputum smears were ordered only after 5?days of unsuccessful antibiotic treatment.