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6b). Table 6b Effect of two methods on jaw locking Tongue release and elongation There was a significant difference in both groups in the tip�Cbase distance before and after release after 3 months (from 6.8 mm to 17.56 mm in the Z-plasty group and from 6.93 mm to 10.44 mm in the simple-release group)( Table.7). Table 7 Effect of methods on tongue elongation Parent satisfaction A score of 1 to 10 was Ibrutinib mouse used for parental satisfaction. Table 8 shows a mean average satisfaction with Z-plasty of 10 (maximum gain) compared with 8.6 in the simple-release group. Thus, Z-plasty has a significantly greater effect on parent satisfaction (PMK-2206 cell line tongue-tie is a known and common entity, but there is no clear agreement as to its management. Some authors disagree with surgery and some advocate for surgery. In a survey by Mansser (3) on feeding, speech, and social/mechanical problems in these patients, different specialties had different opinions. Surgery is recommended at least sometimes for feeding, speech, and social/mechanical issues by 53, 74, and 69% of otolaryngologists, respectively, but by only 21%, 29%, and 19% of pediatricians. In a survey conducted in Australia by Brinkmann (6), almost three-quarters of surgeons who responded said they practiced surgical release of ankyloglossia. This survey also identified a strong belief that surgical intervention was necessary; only 10% of respondents believed that it was rarely indicated. This belief by Australian surgeons is in contrast with the opinion of the Community Pediatrics Committee of the Canadian Pediatric Society (14), which opines that most of the time tongue-tie is an anatomical finding without significant consequences for breast-feeding. This body suggests that surgical intervention is not usually warranted, but may be necessary if significant tongue-tie is associated with major breast-feeding TRIB1 problems. Despite the debate, the releasing of tongue-tie is a common procedure that is performed by many surgeons, nurse practitioners and also midwifes (15). The indication for surgery varies, but the two most common indications are feeding problems and speech/articulation problems (1,10,16). Other indications are dental and social problems. The time of intervention also varies, with the neonatal period being the most common, related to feeding problems. Intervention can also be recommended for dental reasons in the first year of life (17). Because it is not routine to check for the presence of tongue-tie in the neonate, most of our patients were diagnosed by their parents across a range of ages. On review of the literature, we were not able to find reports on the mode of diagnosis, so our observation appears to be a new finding. Tongue-tie is most common in boys, with the reported male-to-female ratio ranging from 1.

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