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Results Validation of the AMH assay for stallions The curves of serially diluted serum from two intact stallions were parallel to and within the range of the AMH standard curve (Fig. 1). Fig. 1. Parallelism SB203580 supplier plot for the anti-M��llerian hormone (AMH) assay. The curves of the serially diluted serum samples from two intact stallions are parallel to the standard curve. Serum AMH concentrations in intact stallions, geldings, and hemi-castrated unilateral cryptorchid horses The serum AMH concentrations of the intact stallions and hemi-castrated unilateral cryptorchid horses were 13. 3 �� 1.8 ng/ml (range, 1.7�C21.9 ng/ml) and 17.6 �� 3.0 ng/ml (range, 3.1�C28.2 ng/ml), respectively, and those of the geldings were below the limit of detection of the assay (Fig. 2). The serum AMH concentrations of the geldings were significantly lower than those in intact stallions and cryptorchid horses. The difference in the serum AMH concentration between intact stallions and hemi-castrated unilateral cryptorchid horses was not significant. Fig. 2. Serum anti-M��llerian hormone (AMH) concentrations in intact stallions (n=11), cryptorchid stallions (n=8), and geldings (n=6). Different letters above the bars represent significant differences (P decreased after surgery, and were Alizarin was about 2.5 days (Fig. 3). Fig. 3. Changes in serum anti-M��llerian hormone (AMH) levels after castration in stallions (n=4). The serum AMH concentrations before castration were considered to be 100%, and the values were 8.71, 9.12, 11.33, and 27.00 ng/ml respectively. The biological ... Immunohistochemical expression of AMH In cryptorchid testes, the layers of spermatogenic cells were thinner, seminiferous tubule selleck chemicals diameters were smaller, and interstitial spaces were broader than those in normal testes. Immunohistochemical expression of AMH was observed in Sertoli cells but not in germ cells in normal and cryptorchid testes. AMH immunolabeling was more intense in the intact testis than in the cryptorchid testis (Fig. 4A and 4B). Fig. 4. Immunohistochemical detection of anti-M��llerian hormone (AMH) in equine cryptorchid (A) and normal testes (B). AMH immunolabeling was detectable in Sertoli cells (arrows) but absent in spermatocytes (arrowheads). There are fewer spermatocytes ... Discussion In the present study, the usefulness of measuring the serum AMH concentration as a marker for cryptorchidism using a commercial AMH ELISA kit was investigated. The Active AMH-ELISA (Diagnostic Systems Laboratories [DSL], Webster, TX, U.S.A.
