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Of the 143 subjects, 75 suffered from adenocarcinoma and 68 endured squamous cell carcinoma. According to the seventh version of the lung cancer tumour-node-metastasis staging standard provided by the Union for International Cancer Control in 2009 (11), 15 cases were in stage I, 29 cases were in stage II, 59 cases were in stage III and 40 cases were in stage IV. Moreover, 119 healthy volunteers were included in the normal control group. No statistically significant differences were identified in terms of the age, gender or smoking history of the participants. Sample collection EBC was collected using a HAAK EK20 EcoScreen (Eric Jaeger, Friedberg, Germany). The subjects wore nose-clips and maintained eupnoea for 20 min by biting mouthparts. This Dipivefrine method was used to collect 1�C3 ml condensate from each subject; the obtained condensate was subsequently preserved at ?70��C. Simultaneously, 3 ml fasting venous blood was drawn early in the morning, and the serum was extracted. The samples were allowed to coagulate at room temperature for 30 min, and subsequently were centrifuged at 2,500 g for 20 min. The samples were preserved at ?20��C, and the test was conducted within a week. Testing method Chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassays were performed using a CEA kit (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed using an ET-1 kit (R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA). The experiment was performed in accordance with the manufacturer's protocol. Statistical analysis Data were statistically analysed using SPSS 13.0 software (SPSS, Inc., Chicago,. IL, USA). Measured data selleck screening library were in accordance with the normal distribution of the mean �� selleck chemicals llc standard deviation (x? �� s) under a normal distribution test. The two samples were compared using a t-test, and the measured data were subjected to a ��2 test. The correlation between CEA and ET-1 in the EBC and serum was determined through correlational analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (��ROC��) curve analysis was performed to determine the specificity and sensitivity of the method to diagnose lung cancer. P