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Thus, an edematous extracellular matrix with active hyaluronic acid synthesis might increase pressure under the pulley and contribute to the progression of stenosis. ""Following liver injuries, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) express ��-SMA. Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways mediate ��-SMA expression in distinct cell types. However, Ceritinib the regulation of ��-SMA expression by MAPKs in HSCs has been rarely studied. We aimed to study the role of MAPKs in the activation of HSCs during liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis of rats was induced by carbon tetrachloride. HSC-T6 cells, murine embryonic fibroblasts, JNK1?/? and JNK2?/? cells were used for in vitro studies. Immunohistochemistry and immunoblot analysis were used. We have found that the expression of JNK and ��-SMA co-localized in HSCs during liver fibrosis, but ERK and p38 expressed in macrophages. The expression of ��-SMA was up-regulated Ceftiofur by JNK1 and JNK2 in non-stress condition. Under TGF-�� stimulation, however, the level ��-SMA expression was increased by only JNK1, but not significantly changed by JNK2. We suggest that JNKs are responsible for ��-SMA regulation, and especially JNK1 has a major role in up-regulation of ��-SMA expression in HSCs under stress condition induced by TGF-�� during liver fibrosis. ""The estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) status of 163 surgical breast cancer specimens determined on real-time quantitative reverse transcription�Cpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using frozen tumor tissue were compared with that determined using three automated immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays including Dako (Glostrup, Denmark), Ventana (Tucson, AZ, USA) and BioGenex (San Ramon, CA, USA) assay. All Caspase activity assay specimens were semiquantified according to the Allred score and J-score. The cut-offs for ER determined by log (ER/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)) were ?3.6 and ?3.2 based on the Allred score and J-score, respectively, and those for PgR determined by log (PgR/GAPDH) were ?3.2 and ?2.8, respectively. The Allred total score (TS) and the J-score for ER and PgR on IHC were significantly correlated with the result on RT-PCR (P