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3 (95% CI, 47.8�C76.8)?days. Antibody titres were tested by SAT and compared between the two groups. The titres of asymptomatic patients were significantly lower than those of symptomatic patients (116.7 vs. 143.5, p?this website low antibody titers. This lower antibody titre in asymptomatic patients might result from lower frequency or longer duration of infection. Animal contact is the main risk factor for human brucellosis [10]. Asymptomatic patients had a slightly lower frequency of sheep contact but higher frequencies of cattle contact (15.9% vs. 8.3%, p?0.013) and pig contact (19.2% vs. 8.5%, p?0.001) than symptomatic patients. No significant differences were observed in contact frequencies with goats, dogs or deer, which seems to be consistent with the different virulence of various Brucella species epidemic in this region. According to host preference, Brucella is conventionally divided into six different species, including Brucella melitensis (sheep), B.?abortus (cattle), B.?canis (dogs), B.?suis (pigs), B.?ovis (goats) and B.?neotome (desert and wood rats) [11]. Four of these species are pathogenic in humans, with B.?melitensis being the most virulent species, followed by B.?abortus, B.?suis and B.?canis. In Jilin province, the most predominant Brucella species are B.?melitensis click here followed by B.?abortus, and other species are seldom identified. Therefore, the differential animal contact frequencies between participants with asymptomatic infection and those with symptomatic infection are consistent with the fact that B.?abortus (cattle) and B.?suis (pig) have lower virulence in humans than B.?melitensis (sheep) [12]. We also compared the manner of contact between participants with asymptomatic infection and those with symptomatic infection. Otenabant It is known that the main means of contact are skin, fur, secretions and carcasses [13]. Interestingly, there were no significant differences between the two groups regarding contact with skin, fur, dairy or abortion-related products. However, patients with symptomatic infection had higher contact frequencies with contaminated soil and animal faeces (Table?). As Brucella exists in high quantities in these environments [14], the higher frequency of contact with these substances may have resulted in symptomatic infection. This is instructive for prevention of Brucella infection: in addition to avoiding conventional risk factors, high-risk persons should also avoid contact with soil, faeces and dust contaminated by animals. In this study, we confirmed that asymptomatic brucellosis infection occurs in some individuals. Asymptomatic infection may result from contact with animals harbouring lower-virulence species of Brucella or from less frequent contact with contaminated soil, faeces and dust.