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All anxiety-absent (positively worded) items were reverse scored (i.e., reversed score = 5-original score). The internal consistency reliability (Cronbach��s ��) of the Chinese versions of STAI was 0.88 and the Chinese undergraduates norm score of trait anxiety is 43.31 �� 9.20 click here (Li and Qian, 1995). Stimuli In total, 1056 Chinese words were selected from Modern Chinese Frequency Dictionary and the average frequency of all these words is 25.0 occurrences/million (range = 4�C82 occurrences/million) (Beijing Language and Culture University, 1986), of which 576 words were presented as old words both in the study and the test phase. Only 384 words were presented as new words in the test phase and 96 words were presented as filters in the study phase. The 1056 Chinese words were also rated on a nine-point scale by 50 college students in two dimensions: emotional valence and arousal. The results showed that the average emotional valence score of every word was 4.0 �� 0.56 and the average arousal score of every Sitaxentan word was 4.0 �� 0.22. A total of 120 face pictures were drawn from the native Chinese Facial Affective Picture System (Wang and Luo, 2005), including 40 pictures of happy, fearful, and neutral face emotions, respectively. Pictures were presented within a white box to clearly demarcate their separation from the background. Eight pictures for each emotion were selected for the filters and practice. The rest of 96 pictures were presented as the context for target words, and each picture was repeated 6 times. The valence means of 32 pictures (16 male faces, 16 female faces) for each emotion was for happy, M = 6.69 �� 0.33; for neutral, M = 4.89 �� 0.30; for fearful, M = 2.67 �� 0.41. The results of one-way ANOVA with repeated measures showed that valence means differed significantly among the three emotions, F(2,62) = 978.42, p find more fearful or happy emotion pictures was significantly higher than that of the neutral emotion pictures (p