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The formula is illustrated with numerical simulations for a two-compartment model of fiber crossings and for human brain data. These results indicate that the inclusion of the leading non-Gaussian corrections can significantly affect fiber tractography in white matter regions, such as the centrum semiovale, where fiber crossings are common. Copyright ? 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ""Diffusion tensor MRI (DTI) is a method for the noninvasive assessment of cellular organization and integrity in vivo. In this study, in vivo DTI was performed to demonstrate its ability to reflect photoreceptor cell alignment Pramipexole in adult C57BL/6 wild-type mice. Age-matched retinal degeneration 1 (rd1) mice were employed as a negative control, i.e. loss of the photoreceptor cell layer. In wild-type mice, DTI-estimated cell alignment suggests that the MR-detected outer retinal layer comprises cells aligning perpendicular to the retinal surface, consistent with the known organization of photoreceptor cells. The MR-detected outer retinal layer exhibits a lower apparent diffusion coefficient and higher fractional anisotropy than the other two MR-detected retinal layers (p?BYL719 solubility dmso suggest that in vivo DTI assessment of mouse retina with normal physiology or degenerative pathology is feasible. Copyright ? 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ""We have designed and constructed an experimental set-up allowing electrical stimulation of hindlimb mouse muscles and the corresponding force measurements at high-field (11.75T). We performed high-resolution multimodal MRI (including T2-weighted imaging, angiography and diffusion) and analysed the corresponding MRI changes in response to a stimulation protocol. Mice were tested twice over a 1-week period to investigate the reliability of mechanical measurements Src inhibitor and T2 changes associated with the stimulation protocol. Additionally, angiographic images were obtained before and immediately after the stimulation protocol. Finally, multislice diffusion imaging was performed before, during and immediately after the stimulation session. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were calculated on the basis of diffusion weighted images (DWI). Both force production and T2 values were highly reproducible as illustrated by the low coefficient of variation (