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[76] Based on the results of the two latter studies, it seems that different components of the plant have beneficial effects on influenza patients through different mechanisms. Mosquitocidal property Purified alkamides from E. purpurea show mosquitocidal activity against Aedes aegypti larvae. The alkamides with isobutylamide moiety show stronger mosquitocidal activity compared to those with 2-methylbutylamide moiety, suggesting that isobutyl plays a role in the mosquitocidal property of alkamides.[35,77] Phytochemical content Various compounds belonging to different classes of secondary metabolites have been isolated and identified in E. purpurea extract. Alkamides, caffeic acid derivatives, and polysaccharides are the three major groups of secondary metabolites in the plant, which have been considered mostly in manuscripts [Figure 1]. In one study, 10 alkamides, SAR1B mostly with isobutylamide and 2-methylbutylamide moieties, have been successfully purified from the n-hexane extract of the plant root.[78] Purification of the chloroform extract of the plant root also has resulted in the purification of some alkamides with isobutylamide and 2-methylbutylamide moieties and nitidanin-diisovalerianate as well as a sequesterpene, 1��-hydroxy-4 (15),5E,10 (14)-germacratriene, using chromatographic selleck products methods.[43] Isolated alkamides (with isobutylamides) mostly contained 2,4-dienoic units in their structures.[7] The results of a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS) analysis of the roots and aerial parts of the plant showed that the storage conditions and methods of the extraction can significantly influence the contents of cichoric acid and alkamide derivatives.[79] Contents of alkamides and cichoric acid in E. purpurea (root and aerial parts) have been analyzed in different GSK1349572 order samples, and the results showed that high-quality root contains more than 6 mg/g alkamides, while cichoric acid content for root and aerial parts was evaluated as more than 15 mg/g. The aerial parts of the plant usually cannot be considered as a source of alkamides. For marketing, a minimum standard level could be assumed as > 3 mg/g for alkamides and > 5 mg/g for cichoric acid.[80] Polysaccharides and polyacetylenes along with glycoproteins were also purified from the aerial parts of the plant as well.[7] The juice of the plant contains heterogeneous polysaccharides (MW
