The Ideal Methods For IOX1
Where feasible this was continued after the programme finished, so that anthelmintic efficacy was monitored for five years on most farms. Each year, a mob of at least 60 lambs was set aside before weaning, and these animals were monitored for FEC and remained untreated with anthelmintics until the mean count from 10 samples reached approximately 750 eggs per g faeces (epg). Where-ever possible the test was conducted on lambs which had never been treated previously with anthelmintic, thereby removing the possibility that previous treatments would bias the result by not completely removing all worm genotypes. The veterinarian was sent a kit containing everything needed to carry out the test including the anthelmintics, which Capmatinib ensured Oxygenase that all tests were conducted using the same anthelmintic products, which in most cases came from the same container. Faecal samples were couriered to a central laboratory for processing so that all processing was carried out by the same personnel. Each FECRT comprised 4 treatment groups each of at least 12 animals. On day 0 all animals were weighed, sampled for FEC and then administered either; albendazole at 5.0?mg/kg live weight (Albendazole, Merial New Zealand Ltd), levamisole at 7.5?mg/kg live weight (Levicare Hi Mineral, Merial New Zealand Ltd), ivermectin at 0.2?mg/kg live weight (Ivomec Liquid for sheep & goats, Merial New Zealand Ltd) or were left as an untreated control. Seven to ten days after treatment a second faecal sample was collected from all animals. Samples were kept cool and couriered over night to the laboratory. Faecal egg counts were performed using a modified McMaster method (Lyndal-Murphy, 1993) where one egg seen equated to 50?epg. Faeces from the post-treatment samples was pooled by treatment group and cultured at 22?��C for 14 days before undergoing baermannisation to extract the third stage larvae (L3) (Hendrix, 1998). Individual L3 (N?=?96) from each culture were identified to species using a multiplexed PCR technique with primers designed to target unique sequence motifs present in the second internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal DNA of each of the larval species (Bisset et?al., 2014; Waghorn et?al., 2014). The proportion of each nematode species in the culture from IOX1 molecular weight the control samples was used to apportion FEC to species in the pre-test treated groups. Similarly, FEC in the post-treatment samples was apportioned to species based on the proportion of each species in the post-treatment samples (McKenna, 1996). These numbers were then used to calculate the efficacy (reduction in FEC) of treatment for each species of nematode using the equation below (Presidente, 1985; Waghorn et?al., 2006). For the purpose of this study anthelmintic resistance was defined as a
