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This finding was consistent with the hypothesis that UPB1 is primarily active in the elongation zone. Further support came from microarray analysis of ectopic expression of UPB1 in the upb1-1 mutant. Stronger transcriptional effects were observed in the meristematic zone (1809 genes) than in the elongation zone (812 genes). If UPB1 normally acts in the elongation zone, then ectopic expression in the meristematic zone would be expected to have a greater TGF-beta inhibitor effect there than in the elongation zone where it normally functions. Because of the minimal effects of the upb1-1 mutation on gene expression in the meristematic zone, we did not include these data in our subsequent analyses. Meta-analysis approaches to integrate diverse and inherently noisy data have proven AZD3759 molecular weight useful to identify transcription factor target genes (Busch et?al., 2010?and?Levesque et?al., 2006). We performed a meta-analysis of the three datasets in which significant changes occurred. Analogous to Busch et?al. (2010), we obtained a cumulative Z score (cZS) for each gene and empirically determined a significance threshold for the cZS by random sampling (see Supplemental Information for details). Using the significance threshold of p?ATP12A to be particularly interesting because recent reports indicated that peroxidases and ROS play an important role in controlling root growth ( Dunand et?al., 2007?and?Passardi et?al., 2006). The ROS produced by peroxidases is essential in the peroxidase-mediated formation of lignin ( Ros Barcelo, 1997), which is required for the formation of primary cell walls. We also found that ��lignin biosynthetic process�� (p?