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""2790" "Transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMR) is currently clinically performed with either a CO2 or Ho:YAG laser for the treatment of severe angina. While both lasers provide symptomatic relief, there are significant differences in the laser�Ctissue interactions specific to each device that may impact their ability to enhance the perfusion of myocardium and thereby improve contractile function of the ischemic heart. A porcine model of chronic myocardial ischemia was employed. After collecting baseline functional data with cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and dobutamine SCR7 in vitro stress echo (DSE), 14 animals underwent TMR with either a CO2 or Ho:YAG laser. Transmural channels were created with each laser in a distribution of 1/cm2 in the ischemic zone. Six weeks post-treatment repeat MRI as well as DSE were obtained after which the animals were sacrificed. Histology was preformed to characterize the laser�Ctissue interaction. CO2 TMR led to improvement in wall thickening in the ischemic area as seen with cine MRI (40.3% vs. baseline, P?Mianserin HCl In a side-by-side comparison CO2 TMR resulted in improved function of ischemic myocardium as assessed by MRI and echocardiography. Ho:YAG TMR led to no improvement selleck chemical in regional function likely due to concomitant increase in fibrosis in the lasered area. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:906�C911, 2010. ? 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. ""2791" "Background? Human African trypanosomiasis is associated with metabolic changes which have not been well characterized. Methods?Chlorocebus aethiops were experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and late-stage disease induced at 28?days post-infection. Ear prick blood for glucose determination and blood samples were obtained at weekly intervals for 56?days. Analysis was carried out using dry chemistry analysis. Results? In early infection, there was a significant increase in creatine kinase, while during early and transitional stage of infection there was a significant decrease in glucose and high-density lipoprotein and an increase in triglyceride levels. In the late stage, there was a significant increase in both total cholesterol and LDL levels. Conclusions? Further investigations should focus on levels of total cholesterol during the follow-up period in curatively treated vervet monkeys. Apart from their importance in disease staging, the changes in lipids levels may also affect the pharmacokinetics of some trypanocides.