The Things Anyone Should Be Aware Of When It Comes To Bleomycin
Despite such prolonged use, our results found no conclusive evidence of the presence or absence of CQ resistance in Haiti (Table?1). However, findings from the studies that report on treatment sensitivity are lacking due to small sample sizes [6,18,19,21,32,36], localized enrollment [6,15,18,19,21,32,36], and missing information on patient treatment outcomes, significantly limiting their ability to influence national treatment policies (Table?1). Ten of the fourteen studies that make mention of drug efficacy, relied solely on secondary sources of data, often only containing brief comments on treatment effectiveness, which further suggest an absence of designed drug sensitivity studies occurring in Haiti [6,9,12-18,32]. The two most recent studies examining CQ resistance by Londono and Neuberger gave different results about the presence selleck screening library of PRDX4 genetic markers of CQ resistance in Haiti [32,36]. However, both studies had small sample sizes of 79 and 48 respectively and were located in different regions of the country. CQ resistance mutations are emerging in Haiti, but to what extent remains unknown, suggesting a need for increased surveillance for parasite resistance. Limitations We were unable to examine gray literature from the MSPP as most documents were lost during the 2010 earthquake. Although we excluded non-English databases, we believe this omission to not be very significant, since we relied heavily on WHO and PAHO reports, which are based on both English and non-English databases and reports. There were limited data pertaining to treatment failures and parasite resistance, in addition to an overall lack of reporting between 1985-2005 due to political unrest [8,32]. Conclusions As of 2012, the few documented reports of CQ resistance in Haiti did not exceed the WHO recommended threshold treatment failure rate of �� 10% [41]. However, due to limited surveillance on drug efficacy and barriers to patient follow up, further studies are necessary to determine if rates of CQ resistance fall below this threshold in Haiti. Meanwhile, Non-government organizations, foreign aid agencies, and the Haitian Bleomycin clinical trial MSPP should consider implementing a comprehensive malaria control program while CQ remains a viable treatment option [32,35,36]. Other drug regimens, such as artemisinin-based combination therapies, are part of an arsenal of available treatment options, in the event of CQ resistance. The affordable cost of CQ, and its�� low incidence of adverse events make it an ideal treatment option on a large scale. It is our recommendation that increased surveillance and monitoring for CQ resistance be implemented, due to significant gaps in data on CQ treatment failure and resistance in Haiti.
