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Results for species level identification by MALDI-TOF and API 20 Strep were considered concordant when identification to species level exactly matched that of the reference method. Results for group-level identification by MALDI-TOF and API 20 Strep were considered concordant when identification to group level exactly matched that of the reference method. Agreements and validity values were calculated Transducin with a 95% confidence interval based on an exact binomial distribution. Agreements between the two methods evaluated and the reference technique were compared using a two-tailed McNemar test for paired samples. A p-value of selleck inhibitor by sodA sequence analysis is shown in Table?2. The API 20 Strep identified 93/124 isolates (75%) to species level. Seventy-six isolates were concordant to species level by sodA sequence analysis and API 20 Strep (Table?3). In 18 of the isolates, species identification differed between sodA sequence analysis and API 20 Strep (Table?3). Eight of these 18 isolates were matched to group level (minor discrepancies). Agreement between API 20 Strep and sodA sequence analysis was 60.5% to species level and 70% to group level (Table?4). Identification to genus level by the API system was achieved for 19/124 (15.3%) cases; 12/124 (9.6%) isolates remain unidentified (Table?3). Ninety-one Staurosporine price isolates were concordant to species level by sodA sequence analysis and MALDI-TOF, 74 with a score ��2 and 17 with scores between 1.7 and 1.9. Discrepant results were obtained in 27 isolates, 16 with a score of ��2 and 11 with scores between 1.7 and 1.9 (Table?3). Among these discrepant results, 25 were identical at group level (minor discrepancies). Agreement in identification to species level and to group level between MALDI-TOF and sodA sequence analysis was 73.4% and 93.5%, respectively (Table?4). Identification was unreliable in 6/124 (4.8%) isolates (score, ��1.7). Incorrect identification by the two techniques evaluated includes minor and major discrepancies (Table?3). No very major discrepancies were observed. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value of the two evaluated methods for the identification of VGS isolates are represented in Table?5. The turnaround times to identify VGS isolates from blood cultures by sodA sequence analysis, API 20 strep and MALDI-TOF, were 12�C14?h, 24�C48?h and 15?min, respectively.