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The combined influence of residual/offset drug effects, withdrawal, and craving was observed in chronic cannabis smokers during monitored abstinence. Abstinence symptoms were generally more intense in the initial phase, implying importance of early intervention in cannabis quit attempts. Sleep disturbance persisting for an extended period suggests that hypnotic medications could be beneficial in treating cannabis dependence. (Am J Addict 2014;23:234�C242) ""4518" "Background and objective:? Some click here clinical variables are associated with bacteremia in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The aim of this study was to analyse the accuracy of the soluble form of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) to predict positive blood cultures in comparison with established clinical prognostic variables. Methods:? In addition to collecting clinical and laboratory information, a commercially Selleckchem BIBF1120 available immunoassay kit was used to measure the serum sTREM-1 levels on the first day of admit ion in patients with CAP. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare the ability of sTREM-1 and commonly used clinical variables to identify bacteremia. Results:? Blood cultures yielded a pathogen in 13 (10.4%) out of 124 patient samples. The microorganisms isolated were Streptococcus pneumoniae (11 patients) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (2 patients). The presence of pleuritic chest pain, tachycardia and extreme white cell count (WCC) were associated with bacteremia. However, ROC curve analysis showed an accuracy of sTREM-1 (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) 0.84, 95% CI: 0.72�C0.95), which was higher than pleuritic chest pain (AUC 0.71, 95% CI: 0.57�C0.84), tachycardia (AUC 0.73, 95% CI: 0.58�C0.88) and extreme WCC (AUC 0.70, 95% CI: 0.55�C0.85) for predicting positive blood cultures. Low admission sTREM-1 serum values had a high negative predictive value for excluding bacteremia (sTREM-1 CYTH4 action, and may have different diagnostic properties. However, their difference has not been directly evaluated among Korean adults. In this study, we compare the diagnostic properties of methacholine and mannitol bronchial provocation tests. Asthmatic patients and non-asthmatic controls were recruited prospectively from four referral hospitals in Korea. Participants were challenged with each of methacholine and mannitol inhalation on different days. Their diagnostic utility was evaluated by calculating their sensitivity and specificity for asthma diagnosis.