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?gondii DNA in blood justifies the maintenance of anti-T.?gondii treatments and close follow-up by PCR. The TaqMan-AF-PCR also appeared to be suitable for early diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients, especially in HIV-infected patients and SCT recipients. A recent study showed an incidence of Toxoplasma infections of 16% among haematopoietic SCT recipients with previously positive Toxoplasma serology [25]. Several reports have highlighted the unusual presentation of cerebral toxoplasmosis in these patients, with the absence of typical CT scan ring-enhanced lesions [21,26,27], or frequent pulmonary or disseminated infections without cerebral localization [5,28,29]. In this context, a sensitive diagnostic tool such as TaqMan-AF-PCR could be efficient for post-transplant screening of patients at high risk for Toxoplasma reactivation, www.selleckchem.com/products/Paclitaxel(Taxol).html i.e. those who are seropositive for T.?gondii and recipients of cord blood transplants. It could be performed on a weekly basis Fluconazole for patients not receiving prophylaxis, and during defined high-risk periods and in case of unexplained fever. For early diagnosis, both whole blood and buffy coat samples should be examined. Altogether, these results demonstrate the high sensitivity and specificity of the TaqMan-based PCR assay targeting the AF146527 genomic sequence and confirm the interest of using this highly repeated sequence [18] to improve the molecular diagnosis and treatment follow-up of toxoplasmosis. We thank the physicians from Saint-Louis, Lariboisi��re, Bichat, Robert Debr�� and Avicenne Hospitals (Assistance Publique-H?pitaux de Paris) for referring samples for PCR. We are grateful to A. Sulahian for reviewing the manuscript. This work was presented, in part, at the 9th International Workshops on Opportunistic Protists (Lisbon, 2006). The authors declare that they have no conflicting interests in relation to this work. ""The prevalence of Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum ��-lactamases (ESBLs) markedly increased during 2004�C2008 in south-western Sweden, with a greater increase in urinary isolates in hospitals (0.2�C2.5%) than in the community (0.2�C1.6%). ESBLs Angiogenesis inhibitor of genotype CTX-M predominated, with a significant (p?